Daylighting Schedule

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BEFORE THE ARCHITECT – DREAM HOME DESIGNING BACKGROUND – UNIQUE HOME DESIGN ARTICLES

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DAYLIGHT STRATEGIES & TECHNIQUES - RESIDENTIAL  DAYLIGHT SYSTEM OF DESIGN

By Before The Architect  Copyright 2002, 2003, 2007 Before The Architect

 

When you're ready, teach  your craft to others.  This is best done personally.  This is most often done with clients.   You don't need a podium or tenure to perform; if you get really good at what you do at this or that, folks who give a damn will seek you out.  Teach with both honor and humility.  And answer each question you're asked.  You'll be continually surprised at how much you don't know about what you know when keenly inquiring minds start inquiring.  Before The Architect

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RESIDENTIAL DAYLIGHT SYSTEM OF DESIGN STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES

Residential Daylight Schedule  

INTRODUCTION

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It is almost a slam-dunk furshur that you’ve not seen anything like Before The Architect’s Dream Home Daylight System of Design as represented in part in this Residential Daylight Schedule implying daylight strategies and techniques
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Before The Architect develops a Residential Daylight Schedule to address code and a whole lot more

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Why?  Because as far as this dream home designer’s seen down all the years, home daylight is given little to no attention in home designing, except by the rare home light professional

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The basis for a Daylight Schedule of home design is codified in this home designer’s opinion
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8% of a sleeping area’s surface area must be represented in “aggregate glazing area,” which term is not defined as far as this dream home designer can tell; therefore, let it mean translucent or transparent glaze and not muntins and sash and not ‘openable area’ and such  [Seems reasonable.]

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Better window manufacturers can make the extent of “aggregate glazing area” or its surrogate readily identifiable, e.g., Marvin’s “Lite” metric seems suitable

DAYLIGHT DESIGN SYSTEM

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Home design policy and common sense: let the daylight in . . . with qualifications – maybe not too much, not too little, depends on where, depends on how, how about when, depends what it’s shining on, etc.

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Home design code: IRC presents effectively and round-about that, at least in a sleeping room, “aggregate glazing area" should be not less than 8% of that room's floor surface area. (CABO’s tougher, fewer exceptions.) [Please note that this presentation has no direct connection with emergency egress.]

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Home design practice: who knows; the author has had reactions from "exactly, right" to "not so important around here" to "what are you talking about" from building authorities having jurisdiction

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To start, the term aggregate glazing area – otherwise undefined – is interpreted to mean translucent surface – glass, clear plastic, etc. and not associated frame, sash, muntins, trim, and the like….what Marvin Windows and Doors defines as “Lite", Pella as “Visible Glass", Loewen as "Exposed Glass Area," etc.  Note, please, that if some folks weren’t interested in these surface areas, the big players in windows wouldn’t have worked it out in print. Before The Architect is interested.

A Daylight Schedule, or Illumination Schedule –

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Defines the proportion of aggregate glazing area to interiors' surface area in each major space of a dream home, including habitable rooms, halls, walk-in closets, utility spaces for workshop and laundry and such, garage(s), etc.

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Compares actual aggregate glazing area to calculated code target for each major space and presents the difference either in square feet or, increasingly likely, in percent of target – the latter seems easier to usefully understand

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Comments selectively by suggestion, indication, and definition about daylight aspects of importance as dream home designers’ opinion warrant

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Provides an opportunity to identify persistently darkish spaces or parts of spaces sufficiently distant from a natural home light source so as to be considered unlighted, or not penetrated, by a natural home light source, e.g., a space considerably back from the daylight from a covered porch, an exceptionally deep interior space
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Daylight experts put definable limits on the extent of useful daylight that can penetrate a space or spaces, e.g., including but not limited to Lighting Design Basics by Mark Karlen and James Benya, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004, p.34 and Interior Lighting For Designers 4th Edition by Gary Gordon, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1957, p.53ff. While this aspect of daylight analysis can be judgmental, consideration of related adjustment to natural illumination is, in the author’s opinion, well worth the effort as a pre-emptive design alert to convenience and safety

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Presents several bases of analysis –
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Of itself for natural home light, in the dream home’s compass orientation and, possibly, its adjustment. and in personal assessment of infiltration and adequacy in daylighted spaces

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Ventilation, particularly as an indicator in cross-venting of sleeping areas and longer occupied rooms plus sizing and siting both supplies and returns

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UV intrusion indicator of where it may be less welcome and its power may need to be diminished

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Natural heat-build indicator for HVAC professional attention and various dream home design means to lessen

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Daylight glare definition especially in areas, such as stairways, where glare could threaten safety

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Qualification for code-compliance of aggregate glazing area to space surface area in sleeping areas, notably more problematic in such spaces within story-and-a-half structures

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Suggestive guide to artificial home light throughout, particularly ambient home light and home light controls

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Definitive cross-check on window and door size and site in both elevation and plan view

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Excellent perspective on the consequences of exterior home design on interiors' functionality, occasionally leading to dream home design changes ranging from marginal to major

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Guide to increased layering in low-daylight spaces

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Guide to continuous service rating in no- and very low-daylight spaces

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Motivation in single-storied deep spaces with exterior covers to penetrate those covers with niches in the roof, sunscreen, skylight, clerestory, etc.

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Motivation in single-storied deep spaces with or without exterior covers to add clerestories and home light wells by way of dormers and other fenestration in dream home designing changes

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Motivation, particularly in story-and-a-half dream home design, to necessarily add dormers, skylights, skylight tubes, clerestories, and other fenestration in home designing changes

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Provides an excellent cross-check on window placement and identification

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Provides an excellent parallax view intellectually on interiors' home light

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Effects
 

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Sufficiencies for safety
 

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Sufficiencies for convenience
 

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Potential dream home design opportunities
 

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Potential dream home design concerns

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Note that we’re talking about -
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All sorts, including glazes at interiors to the perimeters

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Windows

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French doors

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Transoms

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Sidelites

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Wall dormers

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Roof dormers

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Skylights (least preferably)

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Solatubes

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No secondary, indirect, or reflected natural home light

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No artificial home light

Comment:  Note please that latter-day fixing of major mistakes to attain convenient and safe sizing and siting of windows, exterior door composition, luminaires, and home light-reflecting and -absorbing features can be a remediation expense and physical inconvenience bigtime.

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This dream home designer’s daylight design system rates each major space by
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Surface area

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Actual aggregate glazing area,

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Code-targeted aggregate glazing area with
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Variance comparison 

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Commentary

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Meeting code-level natural illumination on L2 in designated sleeping areas can be difficult in –
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Story-and-a-half structures

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High-rising shed roofs

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Intersecting gables

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Close attention to the possible conflicts at the earliest moment is worth more many times than the effort.

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This dream home designer’s daylight design system is, in its useful extents,
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Principally dependent on
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Wall height of fenestration [intended to be inclusive and not only windows]

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Depth of daylighted space – most importantly including exterior overhangs especially if more extensive, as in porch or portico, than, say, soffits

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Less dependent, but not unimportantly, on interiors' color, and finish.

Comment:  Please note that overhangs past soffit depth, as in a covered porch, get the same arithmetic treatment [see immediately below] as wall fenestration

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Given overhangs more extensive than a soffit, the counting of depth of home daylight penetration starts in this design system from the covered perimeter beam bottom of face or similar, which counting can compel design modifications to beam, covered depth, other exterior and certain interiors' elements and features.

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Before The Architect applies rules to conditions of daylight, respecting both exterior and interior circumstances
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From Interior Lighting For Designers, 4th Edition by Garry Gordon, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003, p.53, selected highlights  follow:
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… let interior space depth to window glaze height be generally not more than 2:1 and, in most any case, not more than 5:2 relative to fenestration on a given wall for essentially uncompromised daylighting, tendency to the latter ratio being dependent on the nature and character of interior color and reflectivity.

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From Lighting Design Basics by Mark Karlen and James R. Benya, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004, p. 35, selected highlights follow:
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Remember that the effective daylighted area extends into the building only about 2 times the width of a window and about 2 to 2.5 times its height.

NOTE WELL: THIS MEANS THAT, CETERIS PARIBUS, INTERIORS BEYOND 2.0-2.5X DAYLIGHT SOURCE HEIGHT WOULD BE WITHOUT BENEFIT OF DAYLIGHT.  MITIGATIONS TO THE UPPER RANGE INCLUDE AMONG OTHERS REFLECTIVITY (TO BE DISTINGUISHED FROM GLARE) OF SURFACES, SIDELIGHT, ETC.  

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These two algorithms are arithmetically identical at their limits; Gordon’s offering more insight as to latitude
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It’s quite often not possible in dream home design to conform to these prescripts, as the authors allude.  That’s because –
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“Open and airy” bears no drop-dead limit on depth of space from wall fenestration and open and airy is so today

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There are most often practical limits on height of wall fenestration, not only derivative of ceiling height, but also, in more instances than not, glare intrusion

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Exterior shading from porches and the like complicate, notably in more relaxed home design styles

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Before The Architect attempts to resolve “extra-depth” situations variously with fenestration, including but not limited to –
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clerestory

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Roof dormer – shed or gable

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Light shelf

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Light well

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Light shaft

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Higher fenestration to non-glare compass orientation, including but not limited to –
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Bay

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Bow

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Palladian

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Transom

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Wall dormer

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Solar tube a/k/a Solatube

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Opposing fenestration

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Skylight (in Traditional styling, a last resort; nonetheless, a resort)

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Unsatisfied or even uncertain about the sufficiency of a given resolution?
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Discuss with clients

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Annotate right on the plans the basis and area of concern on the Electrical and Light Plans and both Daylight and Nightlight Schedules for subsequent address by home light professionals and interior designers

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Note right on the plans that certain home light offsets require distribution provision for continuous service electrical loading

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Daylight at 0% in habitable = continuous service rating
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Includes spaces without windows
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Except, excludes closets

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Except, excludes pantry

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Includes staircases

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Includes porches, stoops, and the like

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Excludes home security lighting systems

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